Non-proliferative retinopathy cannot progress to proliferative retinopathy. Is this statement true or false?

• A. False
• B. Not related
• C. Only in Type 1
• D. True

Answer: (A)

Progression from non-proliferative retinopathy to proliferative retinopathy is possible and, in fact, a common concern in diabetic eye disease. Non-proliferative retinopathy is marked by retinal microaneurysms, dot-blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton-wool spots without neovascularization. If retinal ischemia worsens, the retina increases production of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic factors, driving the growth of new, fragile blood vessels on the optic disc or elsewhere. These neovascular vessels define proliferative retinopathy and raise the risk of vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. So the statement is false. Effective management focuses on slowing or preventing progression through strict glycemic and blood pressure control, regular eye exams, and treatments like panretinal photocoagulation or intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy when neovascularization develops or is imminent.