Which set correctly lists the three questions used to determine immediate resuscitation needs?

• A. Term gestation? Is crying? Baby is vigorous?
• B. Term gestation? Breathing/crying? Good tone?
• C. Is the mother in labor? Amniotic fluid clear? Umbilical cord intact?
• D. Gestational age? Apgar score? Skin-to-skin?

Answer: (B)

Immediate resuscitation decisions for a newborn hinge on a quick, three-question check: is the baby term, is the baby breathing or crying, and does the baby have a good tone. These criteria directly reflect the newborn’s ability to establish breathing, circulation, and neurological responsiveness right after birth. If all three are positive, the infant is typically stable and does not require immediate resuscitation. If any are uncertain or negative, you should be prepared to initiate resuscitation right away.

This set is preferred because it uses clear, immediate indicators of the newborn’s status at birth: gestational maturity, active breathing or crying, and adequate muscle tone. The other options mix factors not directly about the newborn’s immediate condition—like maternal status or birth process—or rely on assessments and steps that come after birth (such as the Apgar score or skin-to-skin).